尹继友 彭爱武
and一词几乎可以用来连接任何语法作用相同的词语，表示一种“追加”的概念。and连接两个单数名词作主语时，通常表示复数意义，其谓语动词要用复数形式。但是，and连接的并列主语及其结构并不总是表示复数意义，其后的谓语动词也并不总是用复数形式。也就是说，这样的并列主语后面有时跟单数的谓语动词。
1。 如果and连接的是两个单数可数名词且两个名词前均有冠词，这就意味着是两个不同的人或物，这时谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：
Behind the wall stand a house and a garage。
在墙的后面有一座房子和一个车库。
The director and the secretary were present at the meeting。
总监和秘书都出席了这次会议。
2。 如果and连接的两个单数可数名词中，前一个有冠词，后一个无冠词，这就意味着是同一个人或物，这时谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
A painter and decorator was painting the walls of the house。
一位油漆工兼装璜工正在粉刷房子的墙壁。
The editor and publisher of the magazine is friend of my father”s。
那家杂志的编辑兼出版商是我父亲的一位朋友。
3。 如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面均无冠词，并且表示一个事物或一个概念，则谓语动词要用单数形式；如果两个名词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，则谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：
Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue。
勇气和决心是品德的精神和灵魂。
This bread and butter is too big。
这块涂了黄油的面包太大了。
Trial and error is the source of knowledge。
尝试和探索是知识之源。
4。 如果and连接的两个名词前面都有each，every，many a，no等限制性词语修饰，谓语动词要用单数形式。如果第二个名词前面的修饰语省略，谓语动词也应为单数形式。例如：
Every minute and every second is precious to us。
对我们来说，每分每秒都是珍贵的。
Many a boy and many a girl has read that novel。
许多男孩女孩都读过那部小说。
During the Christmas season， every train and airliner was crowded。
圣诞节期间，每列火车，每班飞机都载满旅客。
5。 a watch and chain， a needle and thread， a knife and fork， a coat and tie， a bow and arrow， a lock and key， the wheel and axle， the hammer and sickle， brandy and water和salt and water等等在句中作主语时，谓语动词均为单数形式。
Exercises:
1。 Early to bed and early to rise ____________ a good habit。
A。 are B。 is C。 was D。 were
2。 A needle and thread ___________ been found on the floor now。
A。 is B。 was C。 has D。 have
3。 The water and the food _______________。
A。 was run out B。 were run out
C。 was running out D。 are running out
4。 A writer and journalist ____________ there twice。
A。 have been B。 has been
C。 has gone D。 have gone
5。 Every man and woman _______________ good reason to be proud of the work done by their parents。
A。 has B。 have C。 is having D。 are having
6。 Skating and skiing _____________ very beneficial sports in winter。
A。 is B。 are C。 were D。 was
7。 War and peace _______________ a constant theme in history。
A。 is B。 are C。 were D。 was
8。 All work and no play _______________ Jack a dull boy。
A。 is making B。 are making
C。 make D。 makes
Key：
1。 B 2。 C 3。 D 4。 B 5。 A 6。 B 7。 A 8。 D
