王义芳
一、过去分词作表语用时，总是在连系动词如：be, appear, feel, remain, seem, look等之后，构成系表结构。特别要注意与be连用时，要注意区分是“系表结构”还是“被动语态”。作表语的过去分词表示状态，而被动语态中的过去分词表示动作。
All the doors are locked.
所有的门都是锁着的。
She is neatly dressed.
她衣着整洁。
He felt thoroughly broken down.
他觉得身体彻底垮了。
They seemed terribly shocked.
他们似乎极度震惊。
The children looked puzzled.
孩子们都像是迷惑不解。
二、过去分词作定语时的几种情况：
1. 前位修饰：单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
We need more qualified teacher.
我们需要更多合格的教师。
The wounded soldier lay on the ground, unable to move.
那个伤员躺在地上，不能动弹。
2. 后位修饰：分词短语要置于被修饰的名词之后。
The girl dressed in red is my daughter.
穿红衣服的女孩是我女儿。
We are going to talk about the problem discussed at the last meeting.
我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。
This is a letter written in blue ink.
这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。
3. 后位修饰：如果被修饰的词是由some/ any/ no+ thing/ body/ one所成形的不定代词或指示代词those等时，虽然一个单一的分词作形容词时，也要放在被修饰词之后。
Is there anything unsolved?
还有什么问题没有解决吗？
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
4. 有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰名词之后。
They decided to change the material used.
他们决定改变所用的原材料。
The experience gained will be of great value to us.
取得的经验将对我们很有价值。
三、过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系：
1. 及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。
lost time－time which is lost
a well- known writer－a writer who is well known
a beaten team－a team which is beaten
2. 部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。
a returned soldier－a soldier who has returned
retired workers－workers who have retired
a learned man－a man who is of much learning
a sunken ship－a ship which has sunk
