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英语写作过程
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英语作文是英语综合能力的运用，写作前学生必须具有初步的写作基础，如基本语法知识，一定数量的词汇和正确使用标点符号的能力等。英语作文要求学生除了具备这些基本能力外，还应该了解作文的过程和方式。
一、作文的过程
一般说来，作文的过程需经过审题，收集材料，列出提纲，扩展成文，检查修改和定稿这几个阶段。
1．审题
审题是作文的第一步，只有审清题意，才能按照题意构思具体内容。
审题就是要把握住题目的中心和范围，确定文章的体裁，找出文章的主题。如果审题不当或对题意理解不全面，就会偏题跑题，甚至文不对题。以致全功尽弃。
目前高考中常见的是引导式写作题型。题中的提示语是帮助理解题意的重要指导，不能逐字英译，而要按照提示语的规定和暗示进行扩展引伸，增添细节，构思具体内容。
另外，还应注意作文要求限定的字数，做到大致相当。字数太少，会辞不达意，言之无物；字数太多，表明文章不够简炼，或是把不必要写的东西写了进去。
2．收集材料
题目审好后，就可根据题目规定的写作对象和内容范围进行构思和收集材料。构思时要注意尽可能地抓住要点，不要溢出题外。如写“Television”就不要把newspaper的内容也考虑进去，写“My School”,则不要把my family也了拉扯进去。在一篇字数有限的短文里，在收集材料，进行构思的阶段更应该严密地防止出现离题偏题的现象。
在构思的同时，我们最好能把可以想到的与主题有关的素材记在纸上。譬如要写一篇题为“My Mother”的作文，我们可能会想到以下的内容。
(1) Mother’s name, age and appearance
(2) Her personality
(3) Her past and present
(4) Her wish
(5) She and my father
(6) Her daily life and her attitude towards life
(7) Her profession and her attitude towards her work
(8) Good neighbourhood
(9) Her kindnesses to her child and to the others
(10) My deep love for her
这些材料还需要加以选择，将那些与主题无关或关系不紧密的内容删去；对保留下来有用的素材予以进一步的整理与归纳，为列提纲作好准备。
3．列出提纲
把有关的材料整理好以后，我们就可以按照一定的逻辑次序把它们组织起来，分别放进确定的几个段落中去，列提纲。如“My Mother”一文的提纲可以被列成下面这种样式：
(1) Introduction-my mother is the loveliest person
(2) About her age and appearance
(3) Mother as an outstanding worker
(4) Mother at home
(5) Her relationship with other people
(6) Conclusion-I am proud of my mother
如果文章较复杂，提纲还可以列得更细，在每个大标题下面各还可以列出几个小标题。
4．扩展成文
列好提纲后，我们就可以扩充内容，将提纲发展成文章。动笔之前，应先考虑好如何开头，如何发展，如何结尾。开头和结束应力求简单扼要，正文应具体面充实地表现主题。臂如根据上例中的提纲，我们就可以写成下面这样一篇作文：
My Mother
My mother is the loveliest person in the world. She loves me very much and is always kind and gentle.
She is now 44 years old. As she has been busy ever since she was young, she looks older than she really is. She is begining to get wrinkles around her eyes and her
black hair is going grey.
My mother is an old outstanding worker in her factory. She often goes to work early and comes home late. She takes pains to do her work and achieves big sucesses at her ordinary post. Because of this, she is often praised as an advanced worker.
My mother is also a good housekeeper. She saves every penny that she can and keep the house in good order. She is always busy with this or that, and nobody ever sees her idle. She has too much to do in bringing me up, yet she never makes a complaint.
My mother is kind not only to her own child, but to all other people. She is warm-hearted and likes to help anyone who is in trouble. She takes delight in doing good deeds for the people. It is natural for her to get on well with all our neighbours.
My mother is liked and respected by all woh know her. I always think how fortunate I am to have such a good mother.
5．检查修改和定稿
检查修改是写作的一个步骤，因此也是不可忽视的。文章即使写得很流畅完美，初稿中也难免会有拼写、标点方面的错误，因此写好初稿后一定要反复修改。
文章的修改可以从文章的文字规范和文章的结构商方面着手，下面列出的是文章检查时所必须注意的要点：
(1)句于和段落是否围绕文章主题？
(2)内容和情景是否遗漏？
(3)文章内容的陈述与主张是否合乎逻辑情理？
(4)是否为说明文章主题而列举了一定的事实根据？
(5)文章内容的层次是否有条理?是否还需要重新组合？
(6)段落的过渡转换是否清楚自然？
(7)文章是否罗嗦重复?句型是否单调呆板？
(8)用词是否准确、丰富？
(9)文章是否简洁明晰？
(10)句子是否缺少必要的成分？
(11)主语和动词是否配合恰当?动词和名词有否漏掉“s”？
(12)各句的时态是否保持一致？
(13)在语态上，主动和被动是否有混淆？
(14)单词拼写、大小写和标点是否正确？笔迹是否清楚？
在文章交出之前，不要放松任何修改的机会。经过多次完善修改，文章就可以定稿了。仔细抄写后，还要小心地重读几遍，看看有无误抄之处。
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