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安徽 / 闫奎
引导定语从句的关系副词有 when, where, why 等。它们和关系代词一样放在先行词的后面起引导作用,同时在定语从句中分别充当时间、地点和原因状语。
1. when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:
Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time?
你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗?
2. where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:
Can you show me the house where Shakespeare lived?
你能带我看看莎士比亚曾住过的那座房子吗?
3. why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。如:
I don't know the reason why he didn't tell it to his father.
我不明白为什么他没有把这件事告诉他父亲。
4. 由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词+名词”,如: when = on / in / during the day, where= in / at / on the place, why = for the reason ,因此关系副词引导的定语从句可以改写为“介词+ which ”引导的定语从句。如:
That is the day when ( on which ) he did the experiments.
就是他做实验的那一天。
This is the house where ( in which ) my father used to live.
这就是我父亲以前住过的房子。
That is the reason why ( for which ) he is leaving very soon.
那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。
注意:在这种“介词+ which ”的结构中,介词的选择取决于 which 所指的名词与介词的搭配关系,或者取决于定语从句中动词词组与介词的搭配关系。如:
This is the farm where ( on which ) I worked three years ago.
这就是我三年前工作过的农场。
He can't forget that year when ( in which ) he was taken to Beijing.
他忘不了他被带到北京去的那一年。
5. 关系代词和关系副词的选择
先行词是表时间或地点的名词时,关系词的选择要慎重,以下技巧可帮助你解决此类问题。( 1 )分析句子结构,看表时间或地点的先行词在定语从句中是作状语,还是作主语和宾语。( 2 )看定语从句中的动词是及物动词,还是不及物动词,还是“不及物动词+介词”结构。
比较: This is the place where he worked ( vi ) when he was young.
The city ( that / which ) we visited ( vt ) is well-known.
We'll never forget the day ( that / which ) we spent ( vt ) in the village.
We'll never forget the day when we work ( vi ) in the village.
6. where 引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别
where 可以同时引导定语从句和状语从句,都在从句中作状语,且表地点。但在定语从句中, where 相当于“介词+ which ”,且有引导定语从句、表示地点的先行词;在状语从句中, where 不等于“介词+ which ”,且从句前没有表示地点的名词。如:
She would like to live in a country where it never snows.
她喜欢住在不下雪的国家。(定语从句,先行词 a country 在句中作状语)
I will go where I am most needed by our motherland.
我要去祖国最需要的地方。(状语从句)
摘自 考试报
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