山东 周修华
单项选择是高考英语试卷中的一个必考形式，为了让试题有一定的区分度，有些题干设计较为复杂，这时解题就需要一定的技巧。如何排除障碍，化难为易，把试题纳入自己熟悉的范围之内，是每位同学在平时的学习中必须练习并掌握的基本技能。笔者在教学实践中针对学生存在的问题，总结出以下几条经验。
一、调整语序
1. She looks forward every spring to ________ the flower-lined garden. （上海1997）
A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
如果把时间状语every spring放到句尾，就很容易看出look forward to doing sth. 这一考查意图了，故选D。
2. The film brought the hours back to me __________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. （NMET 2001）
A. until B. that C. when D. where
此题为分隔式定语从句，即先行词与修饰它的定语从句被其他成分隔开，如果把back to me放在句尾，则更易看出正确答案为C。
3. Is there a cinema around _________ I can see a movie?
A. that B. which C. where D. what
此句中around隔开了cinema与定语从句。应选C。
4. 又如SEFC 3 第7课的一句话。
But Cook ordered the crew to throw over the side of the ship guns, iron balls, pots and chains and even stores to raise the boat in the water.
如果把状语over the side of the ship放在目的状语to raise the boat in the water前面，这句话就更符合学生们的思维习惯。
5. How pleased the detective was _______ what his customer told him!
A. hearing B. heard C. to hearing D. to hear
如不调整语序，便很难看出句子的构成，不妨把感叹句变为陈述句，问题就迎刃而解了：The detective was pleased _________ what his customer told him. 故选D。
二、疑问句变为陈述句
把较为复杂难懂的疑问句变为陈述句后，更能清楚地分析句子结构，更容易了解其意义，从而使题目变得简单。
1. Who is it up _________ decide whether to go or not.
A. to to B. to C. for to D. to for
可以用一个词来代替特殊疑问句，如用Jack，则该题可变为：It is up to Jack to decide whether to go or not. 然后对Jack提问，就可得到上述例题，故选A。
2. Is this research center _______ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
此题的解题关键在于能否把题干正确转换为陈述句，有相当一部分同学把它变为：
This is research center _________ you visited the modern equipment last year.
这显然是错误的，因为research center前没有冠词the，故应转变为：This research center is _________ you visited the modern equipment last year.
此句中主句缺少表语，从句缺少关系副词，故选D。
再看这一题：
Is this the research center _______ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
此题可变为This is the research center __________ you visited the modern equipment last year.
缺少关系副词where，故选A。
3. Whom would you like to have ______ with me?
A. went B. to go C. gone D. go
此题仍可用Jack代替whom。有相当多的同学转化为：You would like Jack to have __________ with me.
这显然不合乎语法规则，应转变为：
You would like to have Jack to with me.
然后对Jack提问，则可得到该题干。故选D。
4. Is ______ likely to be any food at the party on Sunday?
A. he B. it C. there D. that
此题易误选B，将其转变为陈述句：_____ is likely to be any food at the party on Sunday. 这是一个存在式句型。故选C。
三、变被动语态为主动语态
1. The ______ boy was last seen _________ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play
C. missed; played D. missed; to play
此题可加个主语变为主动句，句子结构会更清楚。
People last saw the ______ boy ________ near the East Lake.
根据see sb. doing sth. 结构的用法，用-ing形式作补语，故选A。
2. Information has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. （上海2001）
A. which B. that C. when D. as
该句可变为：They have put forward the information _________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
此处information与后面的句子是同位关系，故选B。
四、把定语从句变为两个句子
1. They managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year. （NMET 2000）
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
在高中课本上有把两个句子合并成一个含有定语从句的复杂句的练习，所以在解此题时，可以把该句变为两句：
The managers discussed the plan.
The managers would like to see the plan ________ the next year.
故选A，用过去分词作宾语补足语。
2. We are living in an age _________ many things are done on computer. （北京2003）
A. which B. that
C. whose D. when
此题可变为：
We are living in an age.
Many things are done on computer in the age.
in the age 在第二句中作时间状语，故选D，用when引导这个时间状语从句。
3. The gentleman __________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
该题可转化为：
The gentleman proved to be a thief.
You told me about him yesterday.
此题关键在于是tell sb. sth. （把某事告诉某人），还是tell sb. about sth. / sb. （与某人提及过某事或某人），显然题意为“你跟我提及的那个绅士”，故选B。
4. Our time should be made good use of ___________.
A. study B. studied
C. studying D. to study
如果此题变为We should make good use of our time ________. 很明显of后面应跟不定式，表示目的，故选D。
五、忽略插入语
对于含有插入语的句子，首先应分析语境及句子结构，然后找出插入语，并在省略插入语的情况下，重新分析句子结构，这样，复杂的句子结构便被简化，从而降低了解题难度，提高了解题的正确率。
1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________ of course, made the others unhappy. （NMET 2000）
A. who B. which C. this D. what
of course在此为插入语，不影响选择，正确答案为B。用which引导一个非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容。
2. It is so nice to hear from her. ________ we last met more than thirty years ago. （北京2002）
A. What’s more B. That is to say
C. In other words D. Believe it or not
该题意为“我们三十多年没见面了，收到她的来信我格外高兴”。believe or not 用来表达一种令人难以置信而又愉快的心情。故选D。
3. I came home very late last night, __________, early this morning.
A. at the latest B. or rather
C. in a word D. on the whole
分析整个句子可知，后半句表达的语气比前半句更为肯定，or rather，意为“更确切地说”。故选B。
4. John plays football _______ if not better than David.
A. so well B. as well as
C. as well D. so well as
if not better than 显然是插入语，本句可转变为：“If John doesn’t play football better than David, he plays as well as David.”故选B。
以上所谈到的简化做法不仅适用于单项选择，同样也适用于完形填空和阅读理解，特别是阅读理解的文章中的一些结构复杂较难懂的句子。要想做到在考试中驾轻就熟，变复杂为简单，就必须在平时的学习中扎实地掌握语言知识和运用技巧，善于发现，善于总结，这样才会有所提高。
摘自 中学生英语读写
