北京 永宁
在近几年的高考中，不定式在非谓语动词考点中的比例十分突出。不定式的用法很多，作用也很大。下面笔者分类整理了近几年高考对不定式的考查情况，然后逐一进行分析，希望对同学们全面掌握这一重点内容有一个比较大的帮助。
一、对不定式常见成分的考查
1. 定语
［考例］With a lot of difficult problems _________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. （上海春季2002）
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
析：答案为C。动词不定式to settle 作difficult problems的定语，表示现在或将来要解决的问题，根据所提供的情景“the newly- elected president is having a hard time”说明新任总统现在和将来都会有难以解决的问题，所以要用to settle作定语。
2. 状语
［考例］
The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if __________ whether he was going in the right direction. （安徽春季 2003）
A. seeing B. having seen
C. to have seen D. to see
析：答案为D。该题考查非谓语动词的形式。观察题干，会发现其句式较为复杂，但仔细分析可知，we followed是定语，修饰The man, whether he was going in the right direction是定语从句。该句可简化为The man stopped and looked …，再根据句意分析判断可知空白处应该填动词不定式作目的状语。
3. 作宾语补足语或主语补足语
［考例］Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer. （NMET 1993）
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented
析：答案为C。consider后接不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，意思是“认为”，分别是consider sb. to do sth. 或be considered to do sth. 结构。表示过去发生的事，动词不定式要用完成时，因为计算机是过去发明的，所以要填写to have invented。
4. 作表语
［考例］
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. （NMET 2002）
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
析：答案为B。这是一个主语从句，it作形式主语，whether they will enjoy it 作真正的主语。remain后接to do sth. 作表语。see与主语从句之间是被动关系，所以要用to be seen 作remains的表语。
二、对不定式中to省略与否问题的考查
［考例］Paul doesn’t have to be made _________. He always works hard. （NMET 1995）
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
析：答案为B。make, let, have, see, feel, watch, notice等动词后面接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。例如：As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone show you the way. （上海1990）。但是，这类动词若用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的动词不定式必须带to。
三、对不定式时态的考查
［考例］She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _________ in making the earth a better place to live. （上海春季2003）
A. to have played B. to play
C. to be played D. to be playing
析：答案为B。本题考查的是动词不定式时态的具体用法。不定式的一般时态表示的动作发生在谓语动作之后（即表示将要发生的动作）；不定式的完成时态一般表示动作发生在谓语动作之前（即表示已经发生的动作）；不定式的进行时态表示动作与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生（即表示正在发生的动作）。根据句意，该不定式表示的动作侧重于将来“要起一个作用”。故答案为B。
四、对不定式语态的考查
［考例］Quite a few people used to believe that disaster _______ if a mirror was broken. （上海2002）
A. was sure of striking
B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to be struck
D. was sure to strike
析：答案为D。动词不定式表示将要发生的事，意思是“就要……”。be+形容词后接不定式的主动式，但是含有被动意味。
五、对不定式否定形式的考查
［考例］The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _________ it more difficult. （NMET 1999）
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. do not make
析：答案为B。动词不定式to make life easier 和not to make it more difficult 都作is的表语，做这类题目时，要比较非谓语动词的形式，前后要保持一致，后面不能省略to。
六、对不定式特殊用法的考查：
［考例］
－Let me tell you something about the journey.
－Don’t you remember ______ me the story yesterday? （NMET 1999）
A. told B. telling
C. to tell D. to have told
析：答案为B。remember to do sth. 表示记起来要做某事；remember doing sth. 表示记起来做过某事。类似的词还有：forget, try, regret, mean等。这句话的意思是“让我告诉你有关旅游的事。”“难道你不记得你曾经告诉过我吗？”。以否定词开头的一般疑问句语气强烈，表明“已告诉我”是曾经做过的事，所以要用telling，而不用不定式。
摘自 中学生英语读写
