山东 李莉 徐清怀
一、that与what混用
1. 误：The news about him is that we want to know.
正：The news about him is what we want to know.
析：that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，而what通常作主语、表语或宾语，且有“……的”之意。
2. 误：That he said left us much to think about.
正：What he said left us much to think about.
二、whether与if混用
3. 误：I don’t care about if he comes.
正：I don’t care about whether he comes.
4. 误：If he will come to the meeting isn’t clear.
正：Whether he will come to the meeting isn’t clear.
析：whether可引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不能。但在宾语从句中两者可以互换，如：I haven’t decided whether/ if I will attend the meeting.
三、漏掉连接词that
5. 误：He didn’t come here is known to us all.
正：That he didn’t come here is known to us all.
析：引导同位语从句的连接词that不能省略。
6. 误：He didn’t come here is known to us all.
正：That he didn’t come here is known to us all.
析：主语从句作主语时，必须有连接代词或连接副词来引导，而且它们都不能省略。
四、主谓不一致
7. 误：What we need are time.
正：What we need is time.
析：主语从句作主语，谓语动词是系动词时，根据表语来确定谓语的形式。又如：What we need are books.
8. 误：Who did that is known to us, didn’t he.
正：Who did that is known to us, isn’t he.
析：含有主语从句的复合句的附加疑问句，主语用it，谓语与主语一致。
五、与定语从句混淆
9. 误：The news which our team has won the game is true.
正：The news that our team has won the game is true.
析：误句实际上把它当成了定语从句，在定语从句中关系代词that或which必须作从句的主语或宾语，而在名词性从句中that只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分，which不能用在同位语从句中，但可以用于其他类型的从句中，且有“哪一个”之意。如：There are all kinds of books. We really don’t know which one to choose.
摘自 学习方法报
