山东 李冰
强调句是高考的重要语法项目之一，学生在学习时难以辨别其相似句型。现总结如下：
一、强调句型的构成
It + be (is / was) +被强调部分+ that（强调部分是人时也可用who或whom）+其他部分。
二、强调句型的判断
把“It, be that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。如：
（1）It was at theatre __________ Lincoln was murdered.
A. where B. at which C. which D. that
（2）It was the theatre _________ Lincoln was murdered.
A. which B. that C. where D. the one
分别把两句中的“It was”和所填部分去掉，得到以下两句：
At the theatre Lincoln was murdered. (Lincoln was murdered at the theatre.)
The theatre Lincoln was murdered.
我们可明显地看出，句（1）仍是一个完整的句子，是强调句；句（2）句子不完整，不是强调句，而是含有定语从句的复合句。答案分别为D、C。
三、强调句型7注意
首先，我们按强调句的语序来总结强调句的五项注意：
1. 句首词用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。
2. be动词总用单数形式，即is或was，不能用复数形式are或were。
3. 被强调的部分如果是代词，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。如：
（3）It is him that (who/ whom) I met in the street yesterday.
（4）It is I who am wrong.
4. 连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，强调主语也可用who，强调宾语也可用whom或who。特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时，不能用when或where。如上文句（1）及下面例句，不能用where或when。
（5）It was on Oct. 1st, 1949 that People’s Republic of China was founded.
5. 其他部分中的主谓一致问题。
若强调部分是句子的主语，则其他部分中的谓语动词应和强调部分保持人称和数的一致，即：强调部分是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调部分是复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
（6）It is Mary who often helps me with my English.
（7）It is I that am against you.
（8）It is the boy students of Class Two who are playing football on the playground.
另外两项也须注意：
6. 疑问句的强调结构：
一般疑问句：Is / Was + it + that +句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ is / was + it + that +句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。如：
（9）Was it in 1985 that he graduated from middle school?
（10）When was it that you heard from him last time?
7. 强调句不能强调句子的谓语部分。强调谓语动词时在动词原形前加助动词do, does, did。
四、高考考点例示
历年高考主要考查强调句的引导词that，重点考查下列句式：
1. not…until用于强调句中
[1992]It was not _______ she took off her dark glasses _______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
[1995]It was not until 1920 _________ regular broadcasts began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
2. 强调时间状语
[1997]It was about 600 years ago ________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
[1998]It was only when I re-read his poems recently ________ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until B. that C. then D. so
3. 强调主语（名词短语）
[2000]It’s the ability to do the job _________ matter not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. that D. it
4. 强调句用于疑问句中
[1998]Was it during the Second World War ________ he died?
A. that B. which C. when D. then
keys: B C A B B A
摘自 学习方法报
