黑龙江 姜金丽
one在英语中原是基数词,表示“一个”。但在长期的使用中,这个数词逐渐发展为代词,泛指人或物,其复数形式为ones,不与名词连用,归入不定代词一类。在使用时,要注意以下几个特点:
一、不定代词one / ones,只能替代可数名词,不能替代不可数名词。例如:
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓,我想要一个带花园的。
The new designs are much better than the old ones. 这些新的图样比旧的好多了。
二、one / ones 和它所替代的名词或名词词组中心词的“数”可以不一致,在句法功能上也可以不一致。例如:
There was a mother bird in the nest and there were four young ones. 鸟窝里有一只母鸟和四只雏鸟。
she’d prefer the larger bottle to the small ones. 她喜欢大一点的瓶子,而不喜欢那些小瓶子。
三、代词one / ones同物主代词、名词所有格或数词连用时,必须有其他前置定语修饰,否则不能连用。例如:
Your cheap camera seems just as good as my expensive one. 你的那台便宜的照相机和我的这台贵的似乎一样好。
Have you caught any crabs ret?
Yes, I have caught nine big ones. 你捉住螃蟹没有?抓住了,我共捉了九只大螃蟹。
四、one / ones如果同不定冠词连用,通常要有前置定语;如果同定冠词连用,必须有前置或后置定语修饰。例如:
This coat is too small for him; He wants to buy a bigger one. 这件大衣他穿太小,他要大一点的。
This film is not so good as the one we saw last week. 这部电影没有我们上周看的那部好。
五、在too …to…, such…as…结构中,可以用a one形式。例如:
The subject is too vast a one to be treated in an artide in an artide of this length. 这个选题太大,不能在这样篇幅的论文里论述。
另外,a one可以作其他意义解释。如:
He is a one. 他这人真怪。
He is a one for basketball. 他是个篮球迷。
六、当前置定语是own或基数词时,不用one(s)。例如:
Do you rent the house or is it your own? (不能说your own one)这房子是你租的还是你自己的呢?
七、one的省略。在下列情况下不定代词one可以省略。
1. 当one的前置定语只有this, these, that, those, either, neither, another, the last, the next, which等限定词时。例如:
You can take this one; I’ll keep another (one). 你可以拿这一个,我拿另一个。
It doesn’t matter, either (one) will suit me. 没关系,随便哪一个都适合我。
2. 当one前有定冠词及和上下文形成对比的形容词时。例如:
This house is bigger than my last (one). 这所房子比以前我住的房子要大。
3. 当one之前有带定冠词的比较级和最高级形容词时。例如:
There were two sorts of dictionaries in the bookstore; he only bought the cheaper (one). 书店里有两种字典,但他只买了便宜的那种。
Jim said that his hunting dog was the fastest (one). 吉姆说他的猎狗是跑得最快的。
摘自 学习方法报