DearEDU.com_第二教育网 中国基础教育门户 首页 | 资讯 | 高考 | 中考 | 同步 | 题库 | 教案 | 课件 | 论文 | 英语
图书 | 光盘 | 软件 | 论坛 | 学校 | 教师 | 学生 | 家长 | 博客 | 投稿
查看购物车  加入到收藏夹 服务 年卡 点卡 电话:010-82780075
·资讯 >> 英语 >> 语法精讲·精练
动词不定式的用法讲与练

http://www.dearedu.com 2005-1-24 第二教育网
  
  
  陕西省宝鸡市陈仓区中学 张广来
  
  动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,它的基本形式是“ to + 动词原形”,有时可以不带 to 。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。
  
  1. 作主语
  
  To choose time is to save time.
  
  选择时间就等于节约时间。
  
  To go swimming in the sea is great fun.
  
  在大海里游泳很痛快。
  
  To know something about English is one thing; to use English is another thing.
  
  知道一些英语是一回事;使用英语又是另一回事。
  
  在现代英语中,特别是在口语中,常常把 it 置于句首,作形式主语,而把作实际主语的动词不定式置于句子的末尾。例如:
  
  Is it necessary to keep the brushes in water?
  
  这些刷子需要泡在水里吗?
  
  It's not easy to remember all these words in an hour.
  
  在一个小时内记住所有这些单词可不容易。
  
  Sometimes it is impossible to understand.
  
  有时简直听不懂。
  
  2. 作宾语
  
  动词不定式可在有些动词后面作宾语,能这样用的词有 afford, agree, ask, begin, choose, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, start, want, wish 等。例如:
  
  He wanted to study physics and do research.
  
  他想学习物理并做研究工作。
  
  Although it was expensive, we decided to buy it.
  
  虽然它很贵,我们还是决定买它。
  
  I hope to hear from you as soon as possible.
  
  我希望尽快收到你的来信。
  
  We agreed to start early.
  
  我们同意早点出发。
  
  3. 作宾语补足语
  
  在有些动词后面的复合宾语中,动词不定式作宾语补足语有带 to 和不带 to 两种情况。
  
  ( 1 )在 tell, want, ask, expect, advise, invite, allow, encourage 等动词后要用带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
  
  I'll ask them to be quiet.
  
  我要他们安静些。
  
  They warned me not to be late.
  
  他们告戒我不要迟到。
  
  He told me not to be afraid of difficulties.
  
  他告诉我不要怕困难。
  
  He persuaded all the world-famous pop stars to come and sing at one of these concerts for free.
  
  他说服了所有举世闻名的流行歌星来参加其中一个演唱会作义务演出。
  
  ( 2 )在 feel, hear, notice, observe, see, smell, feel, watch, listen to, look at, have, let, make 等感官动词和使役动词后要用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
  
  I could not make them understand me.
  
  我无法使他们理解我。
  
  I felt someone touch me on the shoulder.
  
  我感觉到有人碰了一下我的肩膀。
  
  I heard him say so.
  
  我听到过他这么说的。
  
  I will have the boy mail the letter this afternoon.
  
  我要叫那个男孩今天下午把信发出去。
  
  但当 see, notice, watch, hear, observe, make 用于被动语态、不定式作主语补足语时,其前要保留 to 。例如:
  
  A man was seen to enter the house, and he was heard to give some order.
  
  有人看见一个人走进屋子,并且听到他发布命令。
  
  We were made to pay the money.
  
  我们被迫付钱。
  
  He was seen to leave the room.
  
  有人看见他离开了房间。
  
  4. 作表语
  
  不定式在连系动词后作表语。例如:
  
  To know everything is to know nothing.
  
  样样都懂,样样稀松。
  
  One of the aims is to make the body stronger.
  
  目的之一是要使身体更强健。
  
  His wish is to be a teacher of English.
  
  他的愿望就是当一名英语教师。
  
  5. 作定语
  
  动词不定式作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面,与被修饰的词之间是主谓或动宾关系。例如:
  
  She was the first person to think of the idea.
  
  她是第一个想出这个主意的人。
  
  I have a lot of things to do.
  
  我有很多事情要做。
  
  China was one of the first countries in the world to study the science of farming.
  
  中国是世界上最先研究农学的几个国家之一。
  
  There are plenty of interesting places to visit there.
  
  那里有很多游览胜地。
  
  如果不定式是不及物动词,要在它的后面加上一个结构上或意义上所需要的介词来表示动宾关系。例如:
  
  I use a pen to write with.
  
  我用钢笔写字。
  
  He has no house to live in.
  
  他没有房子住。
  
  6. 作状语
  
  不定式在句中可用来作状语,修饰动词,表示目的、结果或原因等。例如:
  
  She looked into the window to see what was going on inside.
  
  她往窗里看,想知道里面的情况。
  
  He got up early to catch the first bus.
  
  为了赶上第一班公共汽车,他起得很早。
  
  In his third year, he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft.
  
  在三年级时,他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。
  
  He felt sorry to miss the chance.
  
  他为错过这次机会而难过。
  
  The boy is old enough to go to school.
  
  这男孩已到了上学的年龄。
  
  7. 动词不定式的否定式
  
  动词不定式的否定式是在不定式的符号 to 前面加上否定词 not 或 never 。例如:
  
  I promised not to wake him up.
  
  我答应了不叫醒他。
  
  He asked the boy not to make any noise.
  
  他叫那个男孩不要出声。
  
  The doctor told the student nurse never to be late again.
  
  医生告诉那个实习护士以后别迟到。
  
  8. “疑问词+不定式”结构
  
  不定式可与 what, who, whom, when, where, how 等疑问词连用,在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。例如:
  
  When to start has not been decided yet.
  
  何时出发尚未决定。(主语)
  
  The difficult was how to cross the river.
  
  困难在于如何过河。(表语)
  
  She really doesn't know what to do next.
  
  她确实不知道下一步该干些什么。(宾语)
  
  Have you decided where to go today?
  
  今天去哪里你们决定了吗?(宾语)
  
  I will tell you how to get there.
  
  我会告诉你怎样去那里。(宾语)
  
  巩固练习:选择最佳答案。
  
  1. Tom, Granny told you ________ your dirty trousers on the bed.
  
  A. don't put B. not put
  
  C. not to put D. to put not
  
  2. My classmates want me ______ for the wall newspaper.
  
  A. work B. to work
  
  C. working D. worked
  
  3. The teacher made the students _____ their homework once again.
  
  A. do B. to do
  
  C. doing D. did
  
  4. She wants ______ a new bicycle.
  
  A. to buy B. buying
  
  C. buy D. bought
  
  5. He went to the library ______ the book.
  
  A. return B. to return
  
  C. returned D. returning
  
  6. I saw him _______ football with Mike an hour ago.
  
  A. to play B. play
  
  C. played D. have played
  
  7. She was heard _______ an English song in the next room just now.
  
  A. sing B. to sing
  
  C. sang D. sung
  
  8. Would you please tell Kate ______ my best wishes to everyone?
  
  A. to give B. giving
  
  C. gave D. gives
  
  9. He told me ______ the letter in English.
  
  A. how to write B. how write
  
  C. to write how D. how writing
  
  10. Please ask her _______ while she is having a meal.
  
  A. not read B. don't read
  
  C. to read not D. not to read
  
  Key:
  
  1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B
  
  6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. D
  
  摘自 中学生英语
  
  
编辑老师推荐内容
收藏文章】【关闭
读者评论:
· ---

查看所有评论


我是: 家长 学生 教师 教务长 校长


   

相关文章:
·英语关键句型72种-7 ---- 2006-9-21
·英语关键句型72种-6 ---- 2006-9-21
·英语关键句型72种-5 ---- 2006-9-21
·英语关键句型72种-4 ---- 2006-9-21
·英语关键句型72种-3 ---- 2006-9-21
·英语关键句型72种-2 ---- 2006-9-21
·英语关键句型72种-1 ---- 2006-9-21
·专业四八级-填空题常考结构 13 ---- 2006-9-21
·专业四八级-填空题常考结构 12 ---- 2006-9-21
·专业四八级-填空题常考结构 11 ---- 2006-9-21

  软件
·初高中动态趣味课堂
·辅导试题库•中考英语
·辅导试题库•中考物理
·中考试题辅导系统•单机版
·高考试题辅导试题库
·得心应手组卷王 高中
·得心应手组卷王 初中
·初中动态趣味课堂•单机版
  光盘
·中考必胜慧之光名师辅导
·高考必胜慧之光名师辅导
·中考必胜 英语名师辅导
·中考必胜 物理名师辅导
·高考必胜 数学名师辅导
·高考必胜 语文名师辅导
·英语学习法新课标名师精讲
·英语语法 新课标名师精讲
第二教育网免费题库。注册就可以下载了....
  热销商品
北大06年高考必胜方略,对当前高考形式分析,从多角度为学生、家长、老师作出了最科学的综合应考指导。 对当前高考形式分析,科学综合应考指导,已成为毕业班师生制胜高考的利器。
·高中新课标全国名师精讲
·中学题库&智能组卷
·天利38套2006高考复习大纲
·多元智能理论教学中的运用
·学生心理辅导专家系统
·中考全功略 化学
·新概念 作文100分高考满分
·龙门发散思维大课堂
简介 | 留言箱 | 欢迎投稿 | 服务 | 版权声明 | 联系我们 | 网站地图 | 诚聘英才
Copyright © 2001 - 2008 www.DearEDU.com,All rights reserved.
服务电话:010-82780075 传真:010-82781575 第二教育 版权所有 京ICP备05021076