湖南 何志方
一、在定语从句中， which 用来指物，可作主语和宾语。如：
The factory which produces cars is over there.
生产汽车的那家工厂就在那边。
The factory which I visited last year is very famous.
我去年参观的那家工厂很有名。
注意：关系代词 that 也可以指物，但下列情况中只能用 which ，而不能用 that 。
1. 当关系代词前有介词时。如：
The company in which he works is big. （ = The company which / that the works in is big. ）
他工作的那家公司很大。
2. 当先行词中有 that 时。如：
That cake which Mother made is for my birthday.
妈妈做的那块蛋糕是为我过生日用的。
3. 引导非限制性定语从句时。如：
The result of the experiment was very good, which pleased us.
实验结果很好，这令我们十分高兴。
二、 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，可以用来代表主句所说的整个情况或主句的某一部分内容。如：
The little monkeys wanted to catch the moon in the well, which, however, was found impossible.
那些小猴子想在井中捞月，但这是不可能的。
（ which 代表句中不定式短语 to catch the moon in the well ）
He passed the exam, which surprised us a lot.
他通过了考试，这使我们十分惊奇。
注意： as 引导非限制性定语从句时，常与 which 互换，但也有用法上的差别。
1. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前，而 which 不能。如：
As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth.
众所周知，月亮绕着地球转。
2. 当关系代词作非谓语动词的主语时，只能用 which 。如：
She left without a word, which made her boss very angry.
她一句话也没说就走了，这使她的老板很生气。
三、 which 的所有格有 of which 和 whose 两种形式，两者使用时也有差别。
1. of which 修饰的名词需带定冠词 the ； whose 修饰的名词不带定冠词 the 。
2. of which 的位置较灵活，可放在被修饰名词的前面或后面； whose 只能放在被修饰名词的前面。
3. of which 只能指物； whose 可指物，也可指人。如：
The desk whose legs are broken is mine. （ = The desk the legs of which are broken is mine. ）
断了脚的那张桌子是我的。
I know the boy whose name is Tom.
我认识那个名叫汤母的男孩。
（该句不能用 of which 改写）
摘自 考试报
