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江西新干中学 邹国如
状语从句是每年高考必考的重点语法项目，尤其是对条件状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句的考查频率很高。笔者结合近几年的高考试题，透析状语从句的考查热点，并全面归纳相关知识点，供同学们复习时参考。
一、时间状语从句
注：以下例题画线选项为最佳答案。
经典试题：
1. － I'm going to the post office.
－ _____ you're there, can you get me some stamps? （ NMET 1999 ）
A. As B . While
C. Because D. If
2. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _____ I could answer the phone. （ NMET 2000 ）
A. as B. since
C . before D. until
知识归纳：
1. 引导时间状语从句的常用连词有： when, before, after, while, as, until 等。例如：
Her father died when she was young.
2. 一般来说，提及过去或现在的情况时，时间状语从句的动词时态与主句的动词时态要保持一致。但从句涉及将来发生或存在某事时，谓语动词用一般现在时，而不用将来时。例如：
（ 1 ） I was standing by the window when I heard her speak.
我站在窗户旁听到她说话。
（ 2 ） When he comes, I will show him the book.
他来了，我就给他看这本书。
3. 表示“一……就……”的连词有： as soon as, no sooner … than … , hardly / scarcely … when … , directly, immediately, the moment, the minute 和 the instant 等。例如：
• Immediately the meal was over, it was time for homework.
（ 2 ） No sooner had he asked the question than the answer came on him.
4. the first time, the next time, the third time, every time 等可以充当连词，引导时间状语从句。例如：
The next time I come here, I'm going to be better.
5. why 引导的问句之后接 when 引导的从句。此时 when 引导的并非时间状语从句，而是表示感到惊奇或反对的原因。例如：
Why should he do me an injury when he has already saved my life?
二 . 条件状语从句
经典试题
1. ____ it with me and I'll see what I can do. （ NMET 1998 ）
A. When left B. Leaving
C. If you leave D . Leave
2. Don't be afraid of asking for help ______ it is needed. （ NMET 2003 ）
A. unless B. since C. although D . when
知识归纳：
条件状语从句一直是高考考查的热点。引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是： if, unless 。高考对条件状语从句的考查主要涉及以下知识点：
1. if / unless
unless 的含义为“ if … not ”， unless 从句置于主句之后。例如：
（ 1 ） It it rains tomorrow, I won't go there.
（ 2 ） Nobody gets anything unless they ask for it.
条件状语从句一般用现在时代替将来时，主句可用情态动词或使用祈使句结构。例如：
（ 3 ） If you dry washing outdoors, wipe the line first.
（ 4 ） If you ask me, I can tell you what is happening.
2. 祈使句＋ and / or ＋从句
在这种句型中，祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，有时可用名词短语代替祈使句。例如：
（ 1 ） Work hard and you'll succeed. = If you work hard, you'll succeed.
（ 2 ） Hurry up or you'll be late for class. = If you don't hurry up, you'll be late for class.
3. 必要条件
（ 1 ）表示某情况对另一种情况是必要的，可用 as long as, so long as 或 only if 。例如：
They are content for the world to stay as it is, poverty, pain and everything, as long as they are comfortable.
只要他们生活过得安逸舒适，他们就满足于世界的现状：贫穷、痛苦及所有的一切。
（ 2 ）另一种方法可用“ if + 主语 +be to do …”构成条件状语从句，主句中用 must 表示必要。例如：
If you are to succeed, you must work hard.
4. whether … or …“无论……还是……”例如：
Good, and whether you play or watch TV, you mustn't disturb me.
5. whoever, wherever, however, whatever, whichever. 例如：
We'll have to finish the job, however long it takes.
三 . 目的状语从句
经典试题
John shut everybody out of the kitchen ______ he could prepare his grand surprise for his party.
A. which B. when
C . so that D. as if
知识归纳
引导目的状语从句的常用连词有： in order that, so that, so 。有时可用 in order to, so as to, to 来代替从句。例如：
1. People are learning English in order that / so that they can study a particular subject.
= People are learning English in order to study a particular subject.
2. She said she wanted tea ready at six so she could be out by eight.
她说她希望六点钟可以备好茶点，以便她在八点钟可以外出。
四 . 原因状语从句
经典试题
1. ____ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. （ NMET 1999 ）
A . Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
2. I shall stay in the hotel all day _____ there is news of the missing child. （上海 2001 ）
A . in case B. no matter C. in any case D. ever since
知识归纳
引导原因状语从句的主要连词有： as, because, in case, just in case, since, now that 等。
1. 只说明某事的原因，可用 because, since 或 as 。例如：
（ 1 ） I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
（ 2 ） Since Mary had gone to school, it seemed a good time for me to invite my sister to stay.
2. in case “以免”，可用来把将来可能出现的情况作为做某事的理由。
Mr Wood, I am here just in case anything out of the ordinary happens.
五 . 结果状语从句
My suitcase became damaged on the journey home, ____ the lid would not stay closed.
A. so that B. in order that C. because D. now that
知识归纳
引导结果状语从句最常见的连词有 so that, so … that … , such … that …等。具体用法如下：
1. so that 常用来说明某件事或某种情况引起的结果，其前常用逗号与主句隔开。
例如：
A great storm had brought the sea right into the house, so that they had been forced to make their escape by a window at the back.
2. so … that … / such … that …“如此……以致……”例如：
They were so surprised that they didn't try to stop him.
六 . 让步状语从句
经典试题
I used to love listening to her, ______ I could only understand about half of what she said.
A. as B . even though
C. as if D. so that
知识归纳：
引导让步状语从句常用的连词有 although, even though, much as, even if 等。
1. 表示“对照”，可用 although, though, even though 或 while 。例如：
（ 1 ） I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now.
（ 2 ） While I did well in class, I was a poor performer at games.
2. even if “即使”用于陈述不影响主句所说事实的另一件事。例如：
From the minute he does these things he begins to be a different person, even if he doesn't realize it.
3. except that 用于陈述某一个例外的情况。例如：
Nobody said a thing except that one or two asked me if I was better.
七 . 方式状语从句
经典试题
It is generally believed that teaching is ______ it is a science. （ NMET 2001 ）
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D . as much an art as
知识归纳：
引导方式状语从句的常用连词有： as, as if, as though, just as, much as 等。
1. 说明某人的行为或做事的方式可用 as, the way, in the way 等。例如：
We have to make it work in the way that we want it to.
2. 表示“比较”，可用连词 the way, just as 等。例如：
Joyce looked at her the way a lot of girls did.
3. as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示非真实的想象。例如：
His hair looked as if it had been combed with his fingers.
八 . 地点状语从句
经典试题
You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them again. （ NMET 1999 ）
A. when B . where C. then D. there
知识归纳：
引导地点状语从句的常用连词有 where, wherever, everywhere 等。例如：
1. He said he was happy where he was.
2. Where there's a will, there is a way.
通过以上对状语从句考查热点的透析，可以总结出要做好这类试题，首先必须对引导这八类状语从句的连词的含义非常熟悉，然后在做题时再根据语境去理解，搞清楚语句之间的逻辑关系，才能最终选出符合语境的最准确的连词。
摘自 中学生英语读写
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