山东枣庄十六中 孙丽娟
宾语从句是初中阶段英语教学的重点之一，也是学生学习的难点之一。无论是在平时测试，还是在各种竞赛或中考中，牵涉到宾语从句用法的试题很多，所占的分值也比较大。现将初中阶段涉及到的宾语从句归纳如下，供同学们学习时参考。
一 . 宾语从句的判断
宾语从句，顾名思义，是一个用作宾语的句子。例如：
I don't know if / whether my father will come back tomorrow. （我不知道明天我爸爸是否会回来。）
Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy. （汤姆不能决定应该买哪一件羊毛衫。）
We all know （ that ） the sun rises in the east. （我们都知道太阳在东方升起。）
二 . 辨别主句和宾语从句
引导宾语从句的连接词有三种，分别为： A. 连词 if / whether ； B. 连接代词或连接副词； C. 连词 that 。如果原来的直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，就形成了 A 种宾语从句。如果原来的直接引语为特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，就形成了 B 种宾语从句。 C 种宾语从句是原来直接引语中的陈述句。如将两个句子组成含有宾语从句的主从复合句，会有以下几种情况：
1. Will he come back tomorrow? Do you know?
→ Do you know if / whether he will come back tomorrow?
2. Which sweater should Tom buy? Tom can't decide.
→ Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy.
3. The sun rises in the east. We all know.
→ We all know that the sun rises in the east.
三 . 当主句的谓语动词为一般现在时时，从句中的谓语动词的时态形式
如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时，那么宾语从句的谓语动词的时态可以根据具体情况，该用哪种时态，就用哪种时态。
如果主句谓语动词的时态为一般过去时，根据主从句时态一致的原则，从句谓语动词的时态可以使用相应的过去时态。如宾语从句中的一般现在时变为一般过去时： is / am / are → was / were; do / does → did; may → might; need → needed can → could 。一般将来时变为过去将来时： is /am / are going to do → was / were going to do; will do → would do 。现在完成时变为过去完成时： has / have done → had done 。现在进行时变为过去进行时： is / am / are doing → was / were doing 。
请看下列句子：
Lucy says that Lily is listening to the music. → Lucy said that Lily was listening to the music.
Lucy says that Lily will go home. → Lucy said that Lily would go home.
Lucy says that Lily gets up at five. → Lucy said that Lily got up at five.
Lucy says that Lily has never been to Guangzhou. → Lucy said that Lily had never been to Guangzhou.
四 . 做题时必须考虑的问题
人称代词要作相应的变动。例如：
Do you have any cheaper ones? Mother asked the shopkeeper.
Mother asked the shopkeeper if / whether you had any cheaper one.
（妈妈问你们是否还有更便宜的。）（误）
Mother asked the shopkeeper if / whether they had any cheaper ones.
（妈妈问他们是否还有更便宜的。）（正）
当你遇到宾语从句的时候，如都能从以上几个方面考虑，认真处理，各种难题就可以迎刃而解了。
摘自 中学英语园地
