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山东诸城一中 刘善仁 鞠新芳
非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句不同。使用这种定语从句时,必须注意它前面的关系词,也必须注意什么时候引导这两种定语从句的关系词相同,什么时候不同。
一、非限制性定语从句不能由 that 引导。试比较下面两句:
1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书,这是昨天买的。(句中的 which 引导非限制性定语从句)
2. I like the book which/that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。(句中的 which/that 引导限制性定语从句)
二、不能用 why ,要用 for which 引导非限制性定语从句。请比较下面两句:
1. I told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我把理由告诉了他们,就是因为这个理由我才没有去开会。( for which 引导非限制性定语从句)
2. I told them the reason why/for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我把我不去开会的理由告诉了他们。(句中的 why/for which 引导限制性定语从句)
三、非限制性定语从句位于主句前面时,要用 as 引导,不能用 which 引导。关系代词 as 引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。例如:
1. As I expected, he didn't believe me. 正如我所预料的,他不相信我。(句首的 As 引导非限制性定语从句)
2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音,这让她把心都提到噪子眼了。(句中的 which 引导非限制性定语从句,且置于句末。)
四、非限制性定语从句由“介词 + 关系代词”引导时,其中的关系代词不能用 as 。例如:
1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, about which his father was angry. 他花 2 万多美元买了这辆车,他父亲对此很生气。
2. I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活,随后我坐着看了一会儿报纸。
五、在非限制性定语从句中,指人的关系代词作宾语时,只能用宾格 whom ,且不能省略;指物的关系代词作宾语时,也不能省略。例如:
1. Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗?我们谈到过他。
2. This book, which you cannot get at all the bookshops, will give you all the information you need. 这本书会给你提供你需要的信息,这样的书你并不是在所有书店里都能买得到的。
摘自 中学生英语园地
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