江苏 / 朱广荣
动名词由动词原形加词尾－ ing 构成，与现在分词形式相同，动名词可以起名词的作用，在句中作主语和宾语等。同时，它还保留着一些动词的特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
一、动名词在句中可以充当多种成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：
Sailing is fun in summer, but skating is good in winter. （作主语）
He enjoyed listening to the click of the rails. （作宾语）
Teachers' work is giving. （作表语）
The swimming pool is not open today. （作定语）
动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别：动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的用途等，而不表示动作；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作。如：
There is a swimming pool in our school. （动名词）
Did you see the girl dancing with your brother? （现在分词）
另外，动名词有完成式、被动式、否定形式，以及动名词的复合结构等。
二、“ It's+ 名词（形容词）＋动名词”与“ It's ＋名词（形容词）＋动词不定式”的区别：动名词表示泛指的动作，表示说话人得出的经验、教训等，而不定式常特指一次特定的动作。如：
It's very dull going for a walk alone.
一个人散步很没意思。
It would be much nicer to go for a walk with you.
要是能和你一块去散步就太好了。
三、在 finish, enjoy, mind, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, prevent, give up, put off 等动词后常接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。如：
Do you mind me opening the window?
你介意我把窗户打开吗？
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him.
我横穿马路以便避开他。
四、在有些动词后既可接动词不定式也可接动名词，注意其区别：
1. 在 begin, continue, start, like 后可接动名词也可接不定式，其意思相差不大。
2. 在 remember, forget, regret, stop, go on 后跟动名词和动词不定式，其意思则有很大的区别。如：
I remember locking the door.
我记得已经把门锁上了。
I remember to lock the door.
我记住要去锁门。
I forgot telling him the news.
我忘了已经把这个消息告诉过他。
I forgot to tell him the news.
我忘记把这个消息告诉他了。
3. 有些动词接动名词和动词不定式时，词义会发生变化，这类动词有 mean 和 try 等。如：
Starting too early means wasting your time.
出发太早意味着浪费时间。
I meant to send you a card, but I didn't have your address.
我本想给你寄张卡片的，可是没有你的地址。
五、在 advise, permit, allow, recommend, encourage, consider 等后可以用动名词作宾语，但其后若接有具体对象（人）时，则要用动词不定式。如：
They don't allow parking here.
他们不允许在这停车。
They don't allow us to park here.
他们不允许在这停车。
六、 need, want, require 等动词后接动名词时，其主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The grass needs cutting. = The grass needs to be cut.
那片草地需要修剪一下。
七、用作介词宾语的动名词。
1. 动词＋介词＋动名词。如：
I insisted on him leaving here at once.
我坚持认为他应该马上离开这儿。
Mary didn't feel like drinking milk this morning.
今天早上玛丽不想喝牛奶。
2. 动词＋代词（名词）＋介词＋动名词。如：
I congratulate you on being chosen as a model teacher.
祝贺你被选为模范教师。
常见的还有： suspect sb of doing sth （怀疑某人做某事）； accuse sb of doing sth （指责 / 控告某人做某事）。
3. 名词＋介词＋动名词。如：
His way of looking at things is better.
他看事情的方法比较好。
4. 连系动词＋形容词＋介词＋动名词。如：
I am good at dancing.
我的舞跳得不错。
类似结构还有： be afraid of doing, be interested in doing, be fond of doing, be surprised at doing 等。
5. 单纯的介词接动名词作宾语。如：
Without saying a word, he went out.
他一句话也没说就走了。
on （ upon ）接动名词作状语时，相当于 as soon as 。如：
On （ Upon ） waking up, Mary found herself alone in the room. = As soon as she woke up, Mary found herself alone in the room.
玛丽一醒来就发现只有自己一个人在房间里。
摘自 考试报
