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四川荣县中学 吕国生
请看下面这道题:
The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _____ the film stars had left. ( 2004 福建卷 27 )
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
解析: B 。本题考查动词不定式的用法。“ only + to do ”这个结构常用来作句子的结果状语。 tell 是及物动词,在本句它带的是双宾语,故用被动式 to be told 。
下面就让我们来看一看“ only +不定式”的相关用法。
一 . “ only +不定式”结构常用来作句子的结果状语,表示随后发生的动作是一个未曾预料到的令人懊丧的结果。例如:
1. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
2. I hurried to the airport only to be told that the plan had taken off. 我匆匆忙忙赶到机场,却被告知飞机早已起飞了。
二 . 表示结果的“ only +不定式”结构,可以改为由 and 或 but 连接的并列句,但仍然表示结果之意。例如:
1. I ran to the school, only to be informed that I wasn't admitted by Beijing University.
相当于: I ran to the school and was informed that I wasn't admitted by Beijing University. 我是跑着去学校的,却被告知没有被北京大学录取。
2. He survived the crash only to die in the desert. 相当于: He survived the crash but died in the desert. 飞机坠毁时他幸免遇难,但却死在了沙漠里。
三 . “ only +不定式”结构也可以表示目的。例如:
She didn't call you only not to trouble you. 她没给你打电话是不想给你添麻烦。
四 . “ if only to do... ”表示语气上的转折,常译为:“即使只是为了……”。例如:
I would rather make a journey to Emei Mountain, if only to enjoy some fresh air. 我宁愿去峨眉山,就算只是为了呼吸一点新鲜空气也值。
五 . “ have only to do sth. ”结构意为“只要……就行”。例如:
You have only to finish your own job. 你只要完成你的那份工作就行了。
六 . “ have only to... to... ”结构表示“只要……就”。例如:
You have only to call us in 8 hours to get a set of software worth of 60 dollars. 只要在 8 小时之内给我们打电话,你就会获得一套价值 60 美元的软件。
摘自 中学生英语读写
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