湖北 / 杨武
　　
　　记叙文是以记事、写人及状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文体。因此，有条理的叙述和生动传神的描写是写好记叙文的关键所在。在一篇记叙文里，写人、记事或状物往往是交织在一起的，不能截然分开，只是各有侧重而已。
　　
　　一、以写事为主的记叙文
　　
　　以写事为主的记叙文应注意交待清楚五个“ W ”（ what, why, when, where, who ）和一个“ H ”（ how ），这被称为记叙文“六要素”。需要说明的是，并不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括“六要素”，但叙述描写的先后顺序和记事的相对完整性，即“开始－发展－高潮－结局”则是每篇记叙文必不可少的。
　　
　　下列图画描述的假设是你的一段亲身经历，请据此为一家中学生英文报的故事专栏写一篇短文。
　　
　　要求：
　　
　　1. 短文必须包括图画所示的主要内容，可适当增减细节，使其连贯、完整。
　　
　　2. 用第一人称叙述。
　　
　　3. 词数 100 左右。
　　
　　生词：违章者（ offender ），十字路口（ crossroads ）
　　
　　技巧指导：
　　
　　1. 审题：这是一篇记叙文。
　　
　　2. 列要点提纲：
　　
　　（ 1 ）哥哥骑车带我去电影院。
　　
　　（ 2 ）在十字路口被人拦住，其中一个说：“终于等到你们了。”
　　
　　（ 3 ）他们半小时以前因骑车带人违章被抓。
　　
　　（ 4 ）警察罚他们抓一个违章者。
　　
　　（ 5 ）于是我们同样被罚，继续抓违章者。
　　
　　3. 列出能陈述各要点的重要词语：
　　
　　（ 1 ） ride a bike, go to the cinema, sit on the back of the bike
　　
　　（ 2 ） come to the crossroads, be stopped by, find, at last
　　
　　（ 3 ） be stopped by a policeman, half an hour before, as offenders
　　
　　（ 4 ） make them catch the next offender
　　
　　（ 5 ） have to do as they do
　　
　　4. 将各词语扩充为句子：
　　
　　（ 1 ） My brother and I rode a bike to the cinema. / My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.
　　
　　（ 2 ） We got to the crossroads. A young man and a young lady stopped us. The lady said, “ We've at last found you two. ”
　　
　　（ 3 ） They told us they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders.
　　
　　（ 4 ） The policeman made them catch the next offender.
　　
　　（ 5 ） We had to do as they had done.
　　
　　5. 用过渡性的关联词或句子将上面的短句连成文段：
　　
　　The other day my brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema. （ The other day my brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike. ） As we came to the crossroads, a young man and a lady came up and stopped us. The lady said, “ Oh, we've at last found you two. ” For a moment, we didn't know what was the matter. Pointing to a policeman not far away, the young man said to us, “ The policeman stopped us about half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender. Now, you've come. Well, as offenders, come and stand here, it's your turn to find the next offenders, ” said he happily. “ Hope you don't have to wait as long as we did. Gook luck. ” We had to do as they had done. We've learned a good lesson from that.
　　
　　二、以写人为主的记叙文
　　
　　以写人为主的记叙文应注意人物的肖像描写、行为描写、语言描写、心理描写和细节描写，通过一件或几件事、一个或几个生活片断对人物的外貌、思想、品质等加以描述和刻画。请先看下面一篇短文：
　　
　　Someone I'll Never Forget
　　
　　Whenever I open my diary, I think of her.
　　
　　Li Ping was my classmate in primary school. She was both clever and elegant. She talked little but always had smiling faces. We had the common interest and hobby, so we became close friends soon. But unfortunately, we stayed together for only a year because I moved to another place with my family.
　　
　　I always remember one day, when our Chinese teacher asked us to finish a composition at home. I thought about the composition for a long time without writing a single word. Just then, I heard someone knock at the door. I opened the door, it was Li Ping. Holding a piece of paper in her hand, she said sadly, “ Liu Ling, have you worked out the math problem? I just can't do that. ”
　　
　　Actually, I had already done it, but still I said, “ I haven't, either. Look, I'm having difficulty in writing the composition. ”
　　
　　Seeing this, she said, “ Why not just write something about us? We know each other well, our story is surely interesting. ” Only till then did I get the key.
　　
　　The next morning, I was praised for my good idea of composition, but Li Ping was criticized for her not finishing her math problems.
　　
　　After class, Li Ping said to me happily, “ Great, you're really excellent! ” But I was filled with sorrow and regrets.
　　
　　On the day we departed, Li Ping gave me a diary, in which were written, “ Wish you greater progress and the long friendship between us! ” She waved good-bye to me, but I dare not look at her.
　　
　　［点评］
　　
　　本文在记人方面很成功。李萍的形象刻画得很活，作者先是对李萍作了一个总的评价，接着就讲述了一件使“我”终身难忘的事，描写得细致入微。对李萍的行动和语言描写都符合她的性格特征，有血有肉，读来感人。
　　
　　三、以写景状物为主的记叙文
　　
　　写景状物为主的记叙文要注意立足点的转换及观察角度的改变。要写出有特色、有意义的景物，其核心是要通过细致入微的写景状物来表现作者的情怀。请先看下面一篇短文：
　　
　　Our Garden
　　
　　We have a small garden behind our house. It is beautiful all year round.
　　
　　When spring comes, the garden is all green. The ground is just like a green blanket. Birds are singing in the trees, the quiet garden becomes lively.
　　
　　In summer, all kinds of trees grow tall and strong. Golden sunflowers blossom to the sun, waving in the wind. Some other flowers are as red as fire, giving sweet smell and inviting many bees dancing around them.
　　
　　When it is autumn, apples, pears and other fruits come out from the leaves, just like bells hanging in the trees. On the ground, you can see orange, big pumpkins here and there.
　　
　　After a snow in winter, the trees in the garden are covered with snow. The ground is all white with only some green leaves of vegetable sticking out from beneath.
　　
　　What a beautiful garden!
　　
　　［点评］
　　
　　本文写景是按“总－分－总”的方法，把一个庭院的四季描写得很有特色。最后总括一句：多美丽的庭院！与题目相照应。全文语言清新，灵活多变，体现了作者较好的语言运用能力。
　　
　　摘自 考试报