河北 何栓鹏
主谓一致是同学们必备的语法知识，它渗透到我们英语学习，考试的很多方面。但主谓一致好似一个万花筒，纷繁复杂，难掌握，现为同学们详细分析。
1. 连词词组连主语，“就近原则”是一般。
常见连词词组有 neither … nor … /either … or … /whether … or … / not only … but also … / not … but …等等，这些连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与最邻近的主语一致。如：
Not only you but also I am a student.
Are either you or I mad?
2. 若是 and 来相连，“兼职、并列”细分辨。
and 连接两个主语时，例： the teacher and the writer 为并列主语，谓语动词应为复数，而 the teacher and writer 则是一人两重身份，谓语动词应为单数。如：
The principal and party secretary is to make a speech this afternoon.
The teacher and writer is coming here.
但有时两种职业不可能由一人担任。如：
The doctor and nurse are doing their work.
不能按兼职对待，因此谓语动词用复数。
3. “ There be ”句型并不难，谓语动词按后边。
该句型为倒装句，因此“ be ”的单复数按后边的主语。如：
There is a student in the classroom.
但如果有两个以上主语则按“就近原则”。如：
There is a table and two chairs in the room.
4. 集体名词作语，“整体、个体”认真看。
集合名词作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；若侧重指组成该集合的成员或个体时，谓语动词用复数。常见集体名词有 family / team / class / audience / couple / firm/ 等等。如：
The team is at the bottom of the third division.
The team are full of energy.
但“ cattle, police, people, militia ”作主语常用复数；而“ machinery, furniture, jewelry ”虽也是总称，却常用单数。
5. 主语后面有介短，谓语动词仍是“单”。
在主语后有 as well as / not to mention / along with / besides / except / but / in addition to / 等短语时，谓语动词应与前面的真正主语一致。如：
Tom together with his two sisters is watching TV.
A pair of shoes is under the bed.
但 All of the students are listening to their teacher. 例外。
6. 是“一”是“二”要分清，“眉须”齐抓绝不行。
疑问代词或疑问副词并列使用时，要注意它引导的是一个问题的两个方面还是两个问题。如：
When and where to build the new factory is not decided.
When to build the new factory and where to build the new factory haven't been decided.
7. 固定结构作主语，道理不讲自分明。
当 each … and each … , every … and every … , no … and no … , many a … and many a … , more than one, many a 等结构连接并列的主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
More than one student was late for the class this morning.
Each boy and each girl is asked to hand in their homework in time.
8. 莫把原形当复数，精力集中别发蒙。
以 s 结尾的国名、地名、书名、团体、组织机构等专有名词和以 ics 结尾的表学科名称的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。常见的词有 news ， the United States, Sons and Lovers （书名）， economics, physics, politics, mathematics 等。如：
Economics is the science of choice.
Here is good news for you.
9. 分数、百分数不难辨，真正内涵后面观。如：
Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees.
Over 80% of the population of China are peasants.
10. 非谓、从句作主语，谓语动词一律单。
非谓语动词即动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般也用单数。但是 what 引导的主语从句作主语，谓语动词单复数取决于表语的单复数。如：
Planting vegetables needs constant watering.
What we need badly here is more time.
What we need badly here are doctors.
11. 不定代词按单数，偶复情况记牢固。
常见不定代词有： everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody 等。如：
Is everybody here?
All is worked by the computer here.
但 None of the students is / are listening to his / their teacher.
All are here. all 指人时常用复数。
12. “ the + 形容词”指一类，不懂内涵定不会。
the 加上形容词或分词如 old, young, rich, poor, blind, weak, dead, wounded, disabled, injured 等表一类人，其意义为复数，谓语动词为复数。 the 加上以 -sh, -ese, -ch 等结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词，也表示复数含义，谓语动词也用复数。如：
The young are full of energy.
The Chinese are kind and friendly.
13. 体积与距离，金钱和时间，整体对待不能变。如：
Eight hours of sleep is enough.
Three thousand miles is too far to travel.
14. 定语从句要细看，定谁就按谁来变。
关系代词 who, that, which 在定语从句中作主语，谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定。如：
This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire. （先行词为 rooms ）
She is the only one of the girls who is willing to take a make-up exam. （先行词为 one ）
15. 以上情况为一般，易混情况记心间。
主谓一致还有很多容易混淆的情况，“ a number of+ 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，“ the number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The number of students in our class is 40.
A number of students in our class spent their spring festival at home.
又如：“ a kind of, a series of 等 + 名词”时，谓语动词用单数，但“名词 +the / this kind ”时，谓语动词用复数。如：
A kind of stories books is selling well.
Books of this kind are selling well.
摘自 英语沙龙初中版
