河北承德县三十家子高中 宋学玲
名词性从句是经常考查的考点之一。下面就谈一谈与名词性从句有关的几个问题。（下面加横线的选项均为答案。）
一、名词性从句中主语在前，谓语在后
1. Can you make sure ________ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
2. You can’t imagine __________ when they received these nice Christmas gifts.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
二、连接词的区别和功能
1）that和what的区别
that和what都可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但what不能像通常一样引导同位语从句，而that可以。what除起连接作用外，还能在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语，而that在从句中，只起连接作用，却不能充当任何成分。例如：
1. Word has came __________ some American guests will come for a visit.
A. what B. that C. whether D. when
2. We all agree with him on __________ he said.
A. what B. that C. why D. how
3. The reason I plan to go is __________ if I don’t.
A. what she will have a disappointment B. that she will be disappointed
C. because she will be disappointed D. on account of she will be disappointed
答案:1. B 2. A 3. B
2）if和whether的区别
if和whether都作“是否”解。whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。只能用whether引导介词后面的宾语从句，也只能用whether引导不定式。这种whether与引导让步状语从句的whether完全不同。if通常只能用来引导宾语从句。例如：
1. ______ she will come to Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
2. Could you tell me ________ it snows in winter in Australia?
A. if B. whether C. that D. either A or B
3. What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. if
答案:1. C 2. D 3. C
3）that的省略
引导单个宾语从句时，that可以省略。但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句与形式宾语it并存的宾语从句时，that都不能省略。如果引导两个宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，而第二个that不能省。例如：
1. I don’t think （that）she is coming.
2. The reason is that he is careless.
3. The news that our team won the match inspired us.
4. I don’t think it necessary that you should read English aloud.
5. He told me （that）his father had died and that he had to live alone.
4）whatever和whoever的功能
它们一般可以引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句，并在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。此时，whatever和whoever不含疑问意义。即whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。例如：
1. These pictures are so special that I would do _______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
2. ______ knows the truth will tell you about it.
A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who
3. I will give this dictionary to ________ wants to have it.
A. whomever B. whoever C. whatever D. wherever
答案:
1. A 2. B 3. B
注意：引导让步状语从句的whoever和whatever与引导名词性从句的whoever和whatever相比，有不同的含义。即whoever = no matter who; whatever = no matter what。请对比下面两句：
（a）Whoever breaks the rules should be punished.
（b）Whoever breaks the rules, he should be punished.
5）who, which, when, where, why, how在名词性从句中既能起连接作用，又能在从句中充当一定的句子成分。例如：
1. I don’t know _________ he will go to the museum.
A. when B. where C. if or not D. what
2. Go and get your coat. It’s _________ you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
答案:1. A 2. B
三、主句和宾语从句之间的时态呼应
1）如果主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，则从句的谓语动词可以根据句意的需要使用任何一种时态。例如：
1. No one can be sure _______ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2）若主句谓语动词是过去时，则从句谓语动词应为过去的某种时态。宾语从句表达的只要是客观事实、真理或自然现象等，则从句谓语动词均为一般现在时。例如：
1. The reporter said that the enemy soldiers ________ east to west when he saw them. (A)
A. were moving B. moved C. had moved D. was to move
2. The teacher said that the sun _________ in the east and _________ in the west.
A. rises, sets B. rose, sets C. rose, set D. rises, set
摘自 中学英语园地
