要点讲解
一. 什么是倒装
英语的正常语序是“主谓紧相连,宾、表、状语在后面”。但是由于句子结构的需要或表示强调,将谓语或谓语的一部分放到主语的前面,这种句式就称之为倒装。倒装又可分为全倒装和半倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前的称为全倒装；只将助动词、be动词或情态放到主语之前的称为半倒装或叫部分倒装。
请看下面的例句：
The teacher came in．（正常语序）
In came the teacher．（完全倒装）
We can learn English well only in this way. （正常语序）
Only in this way can we learn English well. （部分倒装）
二. 哪些情况下要用倒装
在下列情况下常用倒装语序：
1. 在以here，there，up，in，out，away，off等表示方位的副词开头的句子里, 主语是名词时, 句子要用倒装，以示强调；但主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。如：
Away flew the birds．
Out rushed the children．
There goes the bell．
2. 以only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句(自身不倒装)位于句首时,常用倒装句。如：
Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to go to school．
Only in a big city was it possible for him to buy a wheelchair．
Only after I read the text over again did I know its main idea．.
3. 在so（肯定句），neither和nor（否定句）引起的句子中, 表示上文所讲的某种情况“也”适合于下文的另一人物时, 用倒装。如：
Lucy likes China. So does Lily．
Tom doesn’t like bananas. Neither/Nor do I．
【注意】如果so不是表示“也”的意思，而是表示“的确”、“果真如此”时，即使它位于句子开头也不用倒装的形式；另外，如果在讲前面的某种情况时既含有动作动词又含有be动词, (或者前面所讲的情况既有肯定又有否定或者两个主语既有人又有物),再讲后面的另一人物“也”是这样时,要用so的特殊句型, 但还是用正常语序。如：
John won first prize in the contest. So he did.
She is a good girl and she likes English very much. So it is with Han Mei．
Lucy is an American, she doesn’t like Chinese tea. So it is with Lily.
4. 在so…that（如此…以至于）句型中，如果so连同状语一起位于句首时,也用倒装形式。如： So tired was he after a long journey that he couldn’t stay up.
5. 在as以引导的让步状语从句中,谓语动词以后的部分倒装（提到as之前）。如：
Young（Child）as he is，he knows a lot about computer．
【注意】在as引导的这种倒装的让步状语从句中,被倒装的部分一般分为三种：表语、状语和动词原形。如果表语是不带定语的单数可数名词,前边的a（an）要省去；被倒装的动词原形常与may、might、will、would等词连用,而这些词都要保留在原来的位置上。此外,这个倒装在句首的动词原形不能是连系动词(若是连系动词,倒装的部分是表语),一般多为不及物动词。再看另外的两个例句：
Much as I hate him, I will not kill him.
Try as he might, Tom could not find a job.
6. 表示否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时,要用倒装。常见的这类词语有：not、never、seldom、rarely、hardly、by no means、in no time、little等。如：Never shall I forget the day．
Little did I know when I took the trip where it would lead me．
By no means shall we understand you.
7. 省略if的倒装
在if引导的虚拟语气中，谓语动词有were、had或should等时,可以将if省掉,把这些词语移到主语之前。如：
Were I you（=If I were you）, I would do thework better.
Had they time (=If they had time) ，they should certainly come and help us.
Should there be a flood (=If there should be a flood), what should we do?
8. such表示“这样的人/事”时, (系动词往往是be动词),当such位于句首时,就要用倒装。如：Such would be our home in the future.
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
9. 几个否定关联词组连接的两并列分句
①. not only…but(also)…连接的分句前倒后正。如：Not only was the city polluted but (also) the streets were crowed.
②. no sooner... than；hardly…when…； scarcely…when (before)…等连接的分句前倒后正。如：
No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.
Hardly had we got to the bus stop when the bus arrived.
③. not until…连接的分句前正后倒。如：
Not until Mr. Smith came to China did he know what kind of a country she is.
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
④. neither…nor…连接的分句前后都倒,并且每个分句一般都是部分倒装。如：
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.
Neither does he work hard, nor is he proud of being a student of this university.
【注意】如果以上所讲的这些否定关联词组连接的不是两个分句,就不用倒装了。如：
Neither he nor his classmates are right.
10. 为了表达生动, 或为了强调表语或状语, 或为了使句子平衡, 还有时为了上下文衔接更紧密, 采用倒装。如：
Also present will be a person who thinks up an advertisement.
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting.
At last we found a house, in front of which stood a high tree.
In a lecture hall of a university in England sitsa professor.
11. 直接引语的全部或部分在主语之前,且主句的主语是名词时, 主句倒装。如：
“You are right,” said the teacher.
【注意】如果这种引语中的主语不是名词而是代词,则不用倒装。如：
“I won’t do it again!”he said.
12. 某些表示祝福、愿望的句子需要倒装。如：
Long live China! May you succeed!
13. 疑问句要倒装。疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句, 多数疑问句都是倒装语序。如：
Is this raincoat yours?
When shall we meet again?
He was very unhappy, wasn’t he?
【注意】反意疑问句中前面陈述部分不倒装,后面附加部分要倒装；特殊疑问句中当主语是疑问词或是被疑问词所修饰时, 也不倒装。如：
Who is Jerry Cooper?
Which team won the game?
14. there be结构及其变形要倒装。在there be结构及其变形there live (stand, lie, appear, remain, exist…)中,按语法需要,谓语动词全部位于主语之前,成为倒装语序。如：
There stands a big tree in front of the house.
15. 在一个带有助动词 be的谓语中, 分词可移至句首, 引起倒装。如：
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.
16. 在一般祈使句中, 如果既有助动词do (don’t) 又保留主语时, 通常采用倒装形式。如：Do not you be nervous, my son.
Do you mark my words!
—Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to… —Don’t call me “Joe.”I’m Mr. Park to you, and don’t you forget it! (NMET2003)
17. 在以often、always、once、many a time、now and then、every、every two hours等表示频率的副词位于句子开头, 且表示强调时, 采用倒装(若不表示强调也可用自然语序)。如：
Many a time did the boy go swimming alone.
Often did we warn them not to do so.
Often we warned them not to do so.
强化训练
1. Hardly __the bus stop __the bus arrived.
A. we had got to, when B. had we got to, when
C. we had got to, than D. had we got, than
2. No sooner __to bed __I went to sleep.
A. had I gone, when B. I had gone, than
C. had I gone, than D. I went, when
3. There used to be a church behind the school, __? A. didn’t there B. used there
C. usedn’t it D. isn’t it
4. Not only __this machine, but __it.
A. can he run, can he repair
B. he can run, can he repair
C. he can run, he can repair
D. can he run, he can repair
5. Seldom __late __ the office.
A. he comes, to B. does he come, to
C. does he come, for D. he comes, for
6. －Can children swim in this pool? －Yes. However, at no time __alone.
A. should they swim B. should swim they
C. shouldn’t they swim D. they should swim
7. I don’t like chicken, __.
A. and so does Mary B. Mary doesn’t also
C. nor does Mary D. and Mary either
8. He has finished his homework, and so__.
A. I have B. have I C. has he D. he has
9.－Aren’t you the manager? －No, and I __.
A. don’t want to B. don’t want to be
C. don’t want be D. don’t want
10. Not until the early 1900s __to vote in the United States. A. women were allowed
B. they allowed women C. were women allowed
D. when women were allowed
11. I like sports and __my brother.
A. so does B. so is C. so D. so like
12. No sooner had he finished his talk __he was surrounded by the workers.
A. as B. then C. than D. when
13.Only in this way__ progress in your English.
A. you B. you be able to make
C. can you made D. will you be able to make
14. Neither_ give up nor_ turn to him for help.
A. will I, will I B. I will, I will
C. will I, I will D. I will, will I
15. __he __it was too late to return home.
A. No sooner it grew dark than, realized
B. Hardly had it grown dark then, realized
C. It was until dark that, realized
D. Not until dark did, realize
16. __come, please tell him to wait for me at the gate. A. He should B. Should he
C. If he D. If he would have
17. You say he works hard, __, and __.
A. so do you, so he does
B. so does he, so you do
C. so he does, so do you
D. so he does, you do so
18. In the eastern part of New Jersey __, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
A. the city of Elizabeth lies there
B. around the city of Elizabeth lies
C. there lies the city of Elizabeth
D. lies the city of Elizabeth
19. Never before __ such an interesting film.
A. I saw B. saw I C. I have seen D. have I seen
20. __that she didn’t know what to do.
A. So sad she was B. So sad was she
C. She sad was so D. Sad so was she
21. There is a dog over there. Look, out __.
A. it ran B. runs it C. it runs D. ran it
22. —Why didn’t you buy it?
— ___, nor did the color agree with me.
A. Not only didn’t it fit me
B. Because the price was high
C. For I disliked its material
D. Neither was the price satisfactory
23. The soil is a part of the earth, __is the atmosphere. A. so B. and that C. such D. it
24. __ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. Not until
C. It was not until then D. Not until then
25. So little__ agree on the plan that they couldn’t settle the difference. A. did they
B. do they C. they did D. they didn’t
26. We waited and waited. __we had been looking forward to.
A. Then hour came B. Then came the houre
C. Then did the hour come
D. The hour then came
27. __ any medicine when she is ill. __I.
A. Hardly she did, So do
B. Hardly took she, Nor do
C. Hardly does she take, So do
D. Hardly does she take, Neither do
28. __ will Kite be able to pass the examination.
A. Only if she works hard B. With hard work
C. Only with hard work
D. In spite of her hard work
29. Tom likes swimming, but he doesn’t like skating. __ his brother. A. Nor did his brother
B. Neither does his brother
C. So his brother does
D. So it is with his brother
30. Now__ your turn to keep guard.
A. there is B. is going C. comes D. has come
31. On the top of the hill__ where I once visited monk. A. a temple stands B. stands a temple
C. a temple stands there D. does a temple stand
32. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once __with each other.(2003)
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
33. __ was he able to work out the maths problem.
A. Unitl the teacher explained it to him
B. Not until did the teacher explain it to him
C. Until did the teacher explain it to him
D. Not until the teacher explained it to him
34. Autumn coming, down __ .
A. do the leaves fall B. the leaves fall
C. falling the leaves D. fall the leaves
35. He was unable to make such progress, __.
A. hard he has tried B. as hard as he tried
C. hard as he tried D. as he tried hard
36. So loudly__that everyone in the classroom could hear him. A. did he speak
B. did he spoke C. spoke D. he spoke
37. Neither is that__.
A.him nor is that mine B.his nor is that mine
C. his nor that is mine D.him nor that is mine
38. Little__when I took the trip where it would lead me. A. have I known B. had I known C. do I know D. did I know
39. So fast __ it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A. does light travel that B. light travels that
C. as light travels that D. with light travels
40. Not a single word __ at the meeting.
A. did he say B. has he said
C. he said D. he has said
41. —Mr.Smith must know a lot about Chinese history. —___. He studied it for years.
A. So he does B. So does he
C. So he must D. Yes, he must
42. ___ is human nature that many people do not value the things they possess until they have lost them. A. Such B. So C. As D. How
43. — I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
— _____. (04全国卷III, No. 32)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
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