湖南浏阳市八中 邓新华
汉语中有“话里有话”一说,告诉我们要留心说话人的真实意思,否则就会误解他人,有时还会闹出笑话。英语和汉语一样,对其我们一定要仔细揣摩,切勿陷入“弦外之音”的陷阱。
请看下面一个例子:
—I wish they wouldn’t make a noise.
—_____.
A. I hope it,too B. Perhaps they wouldn’t
C. I’ll ask them to stop D. It doesn’t matter
不少同学选择了A或者B,走进了出题者故意设置的迷魂阵。其实C才是最合题意的。这里I wish...结构表达的是一种虚拟的语气。说话者的实际意义是:They are making a noise,and I can’t bear it.类似这样的情况还很多,下面列举几种常见的“弦外之音”:
1. If I were your age,I would rest at home.
If I were your age是一种虚拟语气,其“弦外之音”是:我还年轻,我不能在家歇着。
2.WeiFang speaks English very fluently as if she were from America.
as if(好像)在这里表达的也是虚拟语气,其“弦外之音”为:WeiFang是中国人,并非美国人。
3. I regret those days in the woods when I should have studied hard.
should have studied hard表达的“弦外之音”是:我应该努力学习,但是我并没有努力学习。类似这样的虚拟语气还有need have done sth,would rather have done sth等,常常用于事后的评论,含有遗憾和责备之意。
4. I will be damned if I help such a fellow.
此处,if 条件句表示否定的意义,其“弦外之音”是:我决不会帮助他。
5. Do that again if you dare
此处,if 条件句表示一种禁止对方干某事的语气,其“弦外之音”是:谅你再也不敢那么做了。
6.If only Mathilde had found the diamond necklaces
If only 要是……多好,但愿 表达的“弦外之音”为:玛蒂尔德没有找到失去的项链。
7.I have never seen a better one.
这里,否定词never表达的不是否定意义,与比较级better连用后表示最高级意义,其“弦外之音”为:这是我看过的一场最好的电影。
8.You can never be too careful in the street.
too前有no,never,not等否定词时,表达的是一种肯定意义。其“弦外之音”是:在街上走,你越细心越好。而不应误解为:你永远不能在街上太小心。
9.Shylock is no better than a deadly snake.
这里“no +比较级+ than”表达的是肯定的意义,其“弦外之音”是:夏洛克跟蛇一样毒。
10.Tom was the last one for the job.
这里,the last并非是“最后的”意思,它表达的“弦外之音”是:汤姆最不适合这项工作。
【练 习】 下面有6个句子,请理解它们的“弦外之音”。
1.A terrible storm came up and the ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the capital.
2.Firstthe River Nile used to flood large areas at the same time every year and destroyed houses and crops .
3.She’d rather have stayed at home than went to see the dull film.
4.There is no tourist but wants to visit the Great Wall.
5.The plane was to have taken off at 800 this morning but a heavy rain poured down .
6.we had hoped to be able to come and see you .
【参考答案】
1.由于船长的努力,轮船没有在风暴中沉没。
2.尼罗河不再像过去一样大面积的泛滥成灾了。
3.后悔没有待在家里而去看了那场索然无味的电影。
4.没有一个游人不想去游长城。
5.早上飞机因雨未能准时起飞。
6.很遗憾,当时没有来看望你。
来源:高中生